Sakai D, Nakai T, Mochida J, Alini M, Grad S: Differential phenotype of intervertebral disc cells: microarray and immunohistochemical analysis of canine nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus
The cell surface annotation rate was calculated using a subset of proteins expected to be exposed on the cell surface, which are annotated in UniProt 55 , Human Protein Atlas 56 and Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component 57,58 terms including cell membrane, cell surface, secreted (secretory granule, synaptic vesicle), endosomes (early, late, recycling, membrane), lysosome, plasma membrane (basal, apical, lateral, external side, raft), extracellular regions (space, matrix, vesicle, exosome), immunological synapse, cilium, intercellular bridge, membrane raft, junctions (adherens, bicellular tight, anchoring, cellcell), presynaptic membrane, early endosome, basement membrane, exocyst, ruffle membrane and focal adhesion (Supplementary Table 4)
405 Moreover, the alteration of Cys159 through R-SOH enhances the formation of ERK2 crystals when ATP is present
Stem Cell Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Obstacles and Solutions