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therefore the consequences of smoking cannot be attributed only to nicotine [68]

Europeans live longer but smoke too much September 12, 2018 Europeans are healthier and living longer compared to five years ago, according to the European health report published Wednesday

Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern Related to: Smoking Impaired gas exchange Complications of cigarette smoking As evidenced by: Decreased expiratory pressure Decreased inspiratory pressure Hypoxemia Hypoxia Coughing Nasal flaring Tachypnea Bradypnea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Expected Outcomes: The patient will be able to breathe comfortably with respiratory rate and rhythm with normal parameters The patient will not develop preventable lung diseases Assessment: 1